Credit: Amazon MGM Studios
The approaches differ in where they draw the boundary. Namespaces use the same kernel but restrict visibility. Seccomp uses the same kernel but restricts the allowed syscall set. Projects like gVisor use a completely separate user-space kernel and make minimal host syscalls. MicroVMs provide a dedicated guest kernel and a hardware-enforced boundary. Finally, WebAssembly provides no kernel access at all, relying instead on explicit capability imports. Each step is a qualitatively different boundary, not just a stronger version of the same thing.
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Transforms can be stateless or stateful. A stateless transform is just a function that takes chunks and returns transformed chunks:，推荐阅读一键获取谷歌浏览器下载获取更多信息
capturePlayer(this);，这一点在下载安装 谷歌浏览器 开启极速安全的 上网之旅。中也有详细论述